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The 2024 Top Performers

Top Performers in 7 Tests

  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • Hail Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • LID+LETID
  • PAN Performance
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • Hail Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • LID+LETID
  • PAN Performance
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • Hail Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • LID+LETID
  • PAN Performance
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • Hail Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • LID+LETID
  • PAN Performance
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • Hail Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • LID+LETID
  • PAN Performance
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • Hail Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • LID+LETID
  • PAN Performance
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • Hail Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • LID+LETID
  • PAN Performance
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • Hail Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • LID+LETID
  • PAN Performance
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • Hail Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • LID+LETID
  • PAN Performance

Top Performers in 6 Tests

  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • Hail Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • LID+LETID
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • Hail Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • LID+LETID
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • Hail Stress Sequence
  • LID+LETID
  • PAN Performance
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • Hail Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • LID+LETID
  • PAN Performance
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • Hail Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • LID+LETID
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • Hail Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • LID+LETID
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • LID+LETID
  • PAN Performance
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • LID+LETID
  • PAN Performance
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • Hail Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • LID+LETID
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • Hail Stress Sequence
  • LID+LETID
  • PAN Performance
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • Hail Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • LID+LETID
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • Hail Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • LID+LETID
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • Hail Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • LID+LETID
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • Hail Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • PAN Performance

Top Performers in 5 Tests

  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • LID+LETID
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • Hail Stress Sequence
  • LID+LETID
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • Hail Stress Sequence
  • LID+LETID
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • LID+LETID
  • PAN Performance
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • LID+LETID
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • LID+LETID
  • PAN Performance
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • Hail Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • LID+LETID
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • LID+LETID
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • LID+LETID
  • PAN Performance
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • LID+LETID
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • LID+LETID
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • LID+LETID
  • PAN Performance
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • LID+LETID
  • PAN Performance

Top Performers in 4 Tests

  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • Hail Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • PAN Performance
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • LID+LETID
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • LID+LETID
  • PAN Performance
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • LID+LETID
  • PAN Performance
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • Hail Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • LID+LETID
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • LID+LETID
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • Hail Stress Sequence
  • LID+LETID
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Hail Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • LID+LETID

Top Performers in 3 or Less Tests

  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • LID+LETID
  • PAN Performance
  • Hail Stress Sequence
  • PID
  • LID+LETID
  • Thermal Cycling
  • PID
  • LID+LETID
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • Hail Stress Sequence
  • LID+LETID
  • Thermal Cycling
  • Damp Heat
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • Mechanical Stress Sequence
  • LID+LETID
  • Hail Stress Sequence
  • Hail Stress Sequence

Search the 2024 Top Performers

Search through this year’s Top Performers by PQP Test, Manufacturer Name, Module Type, Cell Technology, and more. A checkmark means the module type is a Top Performer in that test. For HSS, the tested hail diameter that resulted in no glass breakage is shown. Visit our Methodology page to read how BOMs are scored and click on each test heading to read more about that test.

Both tested model types and their variants for which the results are representative are included in the list of Top Performers. In some cases, test results were not available at the time of publication.

Search results are listed in alphabetical order by the manufacturers’ number of Scorecard appearances. The default search setting shows only the models that have achieved Top Performer status in all categories. Press ‘Clear Filter’ to reset the search setting.

Manufacturer Name
PQP Test
Module Design
Cell Technology
Power Class Range
Wafer Size (mm)
Factory Location
MANUFACTURER MODEL TYPEThermal CyclingDamp HeatMechanical Stress SequenceHail Stress SequencePIDLID+LETIDPAN PerformanceModule Design Cell Technology Power Class Range Wafer Size factory location
JKMxxxN-72HL4-BDV40bifacial - glass//glassn-type TOPCon580-625W182 x 92China
JKMxxxN-78HL4-BDVbifacial - glass//glassn-type TOPCon580-625W182 x 91China
TSM-xxxDEG19C.2040bifacial - glass//glassp-type PERC530-575W210 x 105China,Vietnam
TSM-xxxDEG21C.20bifacial - glass//glassp-type PERC630-675W210 x 105China,Vietnam
TSM-xxxNEG18R.28monofacial - glass//glassn-type TOPCon480-525W182 x 105China,Vietnam
TSM-xxxNEG19RC.20bifacial - glass//glassn-type TOPCon580-625W182 x 105China,Vietnam
TSM-xxxNEG21C.2040bifacial - glass//glassn-type TOPCon680-725W210 x 105China,Vietnam
JAM54S30-xxx/MB50bifacial - glass//backsheetp-type PERC380-425W182 x 91China
JAM54S30-xxx/MR50monofacial - glass//backsheetp-type PERC380-425W182 x 91China
JAM54S31-xxx/MB50bifacial - glass//backsheetp-type PERC380-425W182 x 91China
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Download the Summary

Want to take the Scorecard offline? Download the executive summary of the 2024 PV Module Reliability Scorecard. This PDF provides buyers with a quick reference to the list of top performing manufacturers and key takeaways from Kiwa PVEL’s PQP testing. Learn about:

Acknowledgements and Disclaimer

Just like the previous editions, the 2024 PV Module Reliability Scorecard was made possible by Kiwa PVEL’s technicians, engineers and support staff. Every day they diligently work to create trust for the solar industry. We are also grateful to the Scorecard contributors, both past and present.

This digital publication has been produced by PVEL LLC (“Kiwa PVEL”) from information relating to dates and periods referred to herein. This digital publication does not imply that any information is not subject to change.

To the extent permitted by law, neither Kiwa PVEL nor any affiliate company (the “Group”) assumes any responsibility whether in contract, tort or otherwise for use of the digital publication. This digital publication is a summary and must be read in its entirety and is subject to any assumptions and qualifications expressed therein. This Report may contain detailed technical data which is intended for use only by persons possessing requisite expertise in its subject matter. Nothing in this digital publication is intended to confer upon any entity other than the Group any benefit and use of this document is at the user’s sole risk. This digital publication is protected by copyright.

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